Young People Need to Spend Less Money and Save More

Youngsters Need To Spend Less Money And Save More Human creatures have various considerations about their life. Some of them put stock in getting a charge out of existence without thinking about anything, yet some others have confidence in setting aside cash for their future. However, it is better for youngsters like me to set aside their cash as opposed to spending it imprudently. Since youngsters have loads of costs later on, similar to instruction, eccentric crises, other than that the activity showcase isn't consistent. So it is better for youngers to spare more and burn through less.One of the reasons that make youngers to set aside cash and spend less is instruction costs. Training is costly so youngsters like me can't absolutely rely upon our folks to take care of the considerable number of tabs. We have educational cost, books, perhaps lease and other instructive costs to pay for. Despite the fact that our folks help us, however we need to pay some portion of it. So we should set aside a portion of our cash for that. The other explanation that setting aside cash in youngers is better than spending it recklessly is crisis situations.Emergencies could happen any second. For instance one of our relative may require help and we should give them cash, or one of our folks may have an unforeseen physical issue or genuine sickness and they couldn't go to work for quite a while so we should have a few investment funds for that crisis minutes throughout our life. Other than that there is other explanation behind more youthful individuals to spare more and spend less and it is the swaying of the activity advertise. The activity advertise isn't consistent, uncommonly these days.Due to wavering in the activity showcase we can't foresee what will occur straightaway. For instance one of my companion lost her employment because of downturn. She didn't find a new line of work for around one eighteen months, however she had reserve funds so she had the option to defeat t hat terrible circumstance, such as paying rent, basic food item, vehicle advance and different bills. Without a pay it is hard to pay for these. It shows that on the off chance that she didn't have the propensity for setting aside cash, at that point she was unable to have overseen cap circumstance. In the end I should state that sparing is an awesome inclination for youngsters and it will never allow an individual to down. You should design a head. Youngers should realize they will have costs for their tutoring, they additionally should realize that they may be stand up to with a startling crises throughout everyday life, other than that they know the wavering of the activity advertise so they should be readied. They have to set aside cash for these occasions.

Violent Music and Its Impact on children Essay Example For Students

Savage Music and Its Impact on kids Essay Savage Music and it Impact on Children Causes and Impact of Emotional, Financial, and Physical Abuse of the Elderly Augustine Reeves Delaware Community County College April 16 2014 Introduction Does brutal music truly sway kids life? We posed these inquiries consistently, yet do we find the correct solutions? This is eccentric. Nobody comprehends what will be the result on the off chance that we don't have music in our life. At the point when I was a child music was a piece of my consistently exercises. Rap, RB, Country and so on. Was obscenities utilized in those melodies? Indeed. Did I utilized them in the lanes? Truly. We will compose a custom paper on Violent Music and Its Impact on youngsters explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now In any case, does it truly makes us who we are today. Distinctive Medias Anderson, Carnage, and Banks(2003) underscore the contrasts between Medias which one is increasingly viable. For example, watching music recordings and tuning in to sounds just music. Is it progressively successful for a child to do what the person found in the video, at that point saying what the individual in question heard in a music verse. Music recordings are progressively possible for kids. Youngsters will probably take what they saw and change it in their method of doing. The why Most guardians who thinks about their kids practices will consistently square melodic channels like B. E. T and M. T. V, and would prefer to permit their youngsters to tune in to amp music. In other to emulates a music verse, you must be a decent audience, how to use to verses in various manners. Savage Music verses Impact on Children When tuning in to sound music with verse, it builds thought, hostility, and feelings feeling on youngsters. Most words that are utilized in verses are forceful and nonaggression. As per Exposure to Violent Music, Craig A. Anderson, Nicholas L. Savage Music and Its Impact on kids By Augustine Nonaggression words. Forceful Words blood, battle hurt injury etcher weapon stifle ax blade Nonaggression Words back street drugs police stick creature film red jug night rock The trial was to permit undergrads to tune in to music with these forceful words and nonaggression words and see what will be the result, and beneficiary practices. The result was certain that after the examination was over the understudies who tuned in to the forceful music had increasingly negative inclination and forceful idea of accomplishing something, at that point the understudy who tuned in to the non-forceful tunes. Youngsters have the brain of thinking anything they hear or sees. Youngsters who tunes in to forceful music accept that they don't have to go to class, they accept they can sell drugs, become a rapper themselves, not tuning in to their folks since that what they heard while tuning in to forceful music. That how forceful music can affect kids life. Vicious Music video Impact on Children life According to assisting with controling Youth Violence, Jan L. Peterson and Russ Newman (2000) accepted that adolescent between the age 12 and multi year face the most noteworthy danger of being includes in brutal acts and in all likelihood engaged with being slaughter. About almost 60% of child passing are consequence of fierce practices. For example, manslaughter, mishaps, posse battling, dating attack and so forth. Since youth spend just about 6 to 12 hours daily viewing MET, B. E. T, Youth, and other music channels. Melodic recordings is progressively about sexual arranged acts. It is said that high schooler who tune in to rap video become more include in vicious dating. Melodic recordings are affected and threaten to kids. End I accept to that my reasoning, my development, my contemplations have something to do with music. As a young I accept the picture of music, the words, the recordings demonstration ought to be constrained. And yet we can't live without these things throughout our life regardless of how dangerous it is. .u34970e50e72f696d6c1b9e6347d6523c , .u34970e50e72f696d6c1b9e6347d6523c .postImageUrl , .u34970e50e72f696d6c1b9e6347d6523c .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u34970e50e72f696d6c1b9e6347d6523c , .u34970e50e72f696d6c1b9e6347d6523c:hover , .u34970e50e72f696d6c1b9e6347d6523c:visited , .u34970e50e72f696d6c1b9e6347d6523c:active { border:0!important; } .u34970e50e72f696d6c1b9e6347d6523c .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u34970e50e72f696d6c1b9e6347d6523c { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u34970e50e72f696d6c1b9e6347d6523c:active , .u34970e50e72f696d6c1b9e6347d6523c:hover { murkiness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u34970e50e72f696d6c1b9e6347d6523c .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .u34970e50e72f696d6c1b9e6347d6523c .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .u34970e50e72f696d6c1b9e6347d6523c .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u34970e50e72f696d6c1b9e6347d6523c .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u34970e50e72f696d6c1b9e6347d6523c:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u3 4970e50e72f696d6c1b9e6347d6523c .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u34970e50e72f696d6c1b9e6347d6523c-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u34970e50e72f696d6c1b9e6347d6523c:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Music testing EssayLife can be extremely upsetting particularly for the older. At some point it is difficult to envision how life would be monetarily while getting more established and realizing you wont have the option to work and bolster your family. Circumstance like those can prompt wretchedness, feelings, and can at some point lead to savage in the family. Most older understand that they can't rely upon standardized savings charge any longer. Money related Exploitation on Elderly According to Shelley L. Jackson and Thomas L. Haberdasher (2012), money related misuse s characterized as the illicit or inappropriate utilization of an old people assets, property, or resources. It is said that old casualties every year misfortune $2. 9 billion to money related abuse in Midlife 2009. Those lost can be powerful on the old in light of the fact that these are something they worked for their life. Retirement is the thing that each individual needs so a resign individual it is difficult to supplant a lost resources. In this manner it can prompt loss of autonomy and security for an old individual. With that circumstance the individual need to depend on a relative, or in any event, going far as jumping on social government assistance. For that season it can prompt self-decay, sorrow, even self destruction endeavor. What prompts Depression on Elderly? Wretchedness doesn't generally begin with somebody as of now at 65 years old. It can begin with an individual at age of 17 and follow till they are in their asss. As indicated by The connection among stress and wretchedness, Vivian Kraal], Simms Seekers, and Ella Remains express that life occasions corresponding to physical, sexual, and psychological mistreatment and abuse during youth. For instance, a multi year old young lady lost the two guardians at that age she will most like be discourage and may influence her life going ahead. Old wretchedness can likewise originate from absence of monetarily help at a youthful age. An individual who can work, or work and not spare enough for the future can prompt sadness. Since at 50 years old they to stress over who will deal with them, theyll to stress over going to nursing home. Reasons for Physical Abuse on Elderly individuals experience progressively physical maltreatment then others. A few reasons for physical maltreatment on older are abusive behavior at home and guardian issue. Family gives accompany abusive behavior at home. The procedure of an older individual living with a companion can be trustful particularly if the senior is wiped out or have mental issues. At some point it very well may be budgetary issue. Purchasing all the medicine, the food, and materials. On the off chance that the mate not doing to obligation it is consider as a maltreatment. The following one is parental figures. At some point guardians are having their own concern. It might be close to home issues, mental issues, and mental issues. The hazard is extremely high when somebody with these circumstance existence with a senior. Physical Abuse can come when a debilitated old will not take their drug particularly when it is at a consistence rate. The recipient can become to shout, names calling, and here and there lead to hitting the old individual.

A Family Play Essay

Robert: If you don’t like what I’m observing at that point proceed to watch the other TV. Mary: No! Why don’t you simply put it on something that we both like? Mum and Dad are viewing the other TV in any case. Robert: Because I like this. Mary: Well you have to head to sleep soon. Robert: Well when I do then you can watch what you like. Mary: Why do you generally should be so egotistical? I abhor having a more youthful sibling like you. (Brief delay of quiet) Shelly: (yelling) Robert it’s time for bed now. Robert: Alright I’m going, I’m going. (Robert stands up) Mary: Can I have the remote control, Robert? Robert: If you state please. Mary: Don’t be such a nitwit and simply offer it to me! (Robert leaves the remote control where he’s sitting grins pleasantly at Mary and leaves the room) Robert: G’night Mum, G’night Dad. Shelly and Colin: Goodnight Robert, rest soundly. (Following day and Robert awakens extremely energized in light of the fact that it’s his birthday, he gets dressed and goes first floor where his folks are having breakfast. ) Robert: (cheerfully) salutation! Shelly: Morning Robert, you appear to be exceptionally happy today? You’re generally half snoozing as of now toward the beginning of the day. Robert: (giggling) Am I not permitted to be chipper on my birthday? †When would i be able to open my presents? Colin: (looks very stressed) Well†¦ Robert: Can I open them now? Where’ve you put them? Shelly: Hmm†¦ Well†¦ Robert I believe that we both sort of overlooked what the date was. Colin: (convincingly) It’s not that we overlooked when your birthday was! †It’s simply that we’ve both been so occupied with work as of late we haven’t been monitoring what the day is. Robert: (stunned) You mean†¦ you overlooked my birthday?! Shelly: No! We just haven’t had the opportunity to get you a present yet. Robert: I can’t trust it! My own folks overlooked my birthday! (Shelly strolls over to Robert to attempt to comfort him yet Robert disregards her) Shelly: I know, why don’t we as a whole go a shop now and we can get you a present? Robert: Because its Sunday and all the shops are shut. Shelly: So it is, I overlooked what day it was. Robert: (furiously) I took note! Colin: We’re extremely sorry Rob, you realize how occupied we’ve both been. (Mary enters, having heard the commotion) Mary: What are you yelling about?! Robert: Don’t reveal to me you overlooked as well! Mary: Forgot what? Robert: It’s my birthday! Mary: Is it? I thought it was the eighth today? Not the ninth. Robert: Well it’s the ninth, and all of you overlooked! Mary: Oh, sorry Rob, I didn’t figure it out. Robert: Don’t anticipate that me should recollect any of your birthday events! (little cumbersome quietness) Colin: I know we’ll take you out to the bar for a Sunday lunch, and I’ll purchase your current tomorrow. Robert: (gloomily) Fine. (Later that morning the doorbell rings and Mary goes to answer it) Mary: (stunned) Hi Uncle Craig! Craig: (Australian articulation) Hello Mary, how are ya? Mary: I’m fine much appreciated! (stronger) Muuuuum uncle Craig’s here from Australia! (Shelly goes to the entryway) Shelly: Who? I thought you said Craig! (giggles to herself) Craig: (grinning) She did. Shelly: (stunned) Oh my god, Craig! Wh†¦ Why are you here? Craig: Well for Roberts birthday obviously! Where right? Shelly: He’s in his room. In any case, he’s going to be so satisfied to see you! Have you come this route just to see Robert on his birthday? Craig: That’s right! I thought I’d shock all of you. Mary: Well you’ve certainly done that! Shelly: Well come in, have a beverage, make yourself at home. (They all go into the lounge to join Colin) Colin: Hello Craig, how right? This is unquestionably a shock! Craig: I’m doing extraordinary much obliged, how ’bout you Colin? Colin: Not terrible. Not terrible. Mary: I’ll proceed to bring Rob. . (Mary leaves to get Robert) Craig: So what present did you get Rob? Shelly: (timidly) Oh, we haven’t got it yet. Colin: Were getting it tomorrow however. Craig: Oh okay at that point, I trust he loves the current I got him! Shelly: I’m sure that he will. (Mary and Robert return ground floor) Robert: (energetically) Hi uncle Craig! (gives him an embrace) what are you doing here? Craig: For your birthday obviously! Did you overlook? (chuckles) Robert: (mockingly) I didn’t, yet I know someone who did. Craig: What do you mean? Robert: Didn’t they let you know? They overlooked that it was my birthday today! Craig: (takes a gander at Colin in shock) Really? That’s horrendous! Colin: We forgot about what day it was. Craig: I’m sure he won’t mind on the off chance that you get a current tomorrow, at that point. Will you Robert? Robert: No, I assume not. Craig: Now, would you like to perceive what I got you? (Robert out of nowhere appears to be increasingly energized once more) Robert: oooh yes please! (Craig hands Robert a since a long time ago wrapped up present, which Robert starts to open up) Robert: Wow! A didgeridoo! Much obliged Craig, that’s stunning! Craig: Glad that you like it Rob.

AP US History Essay Samples - Can They Help You Pass the Exam?

AP US History Essay Samples - Can They Help You Pass the Exam?Using AP US History essay samples is the best way to help you learn the test material. The AP US History Essay sample tests are free and easy to use. Although you don't want to completely blow your chances of passing, it is better to be safe than sorry.Don't worry if you have never taken an AP US History test before. It is easy to pick up the general concepts quickly. Take a few practice tests until you feel confident about what is required of you on the real test.Most people just fail because they haven't taken the test in the past year. Start taking them today and see if it helped you. People are always asking themselves whether it is worth it. That is because the test can be hard to take.You may want to know how you will measure yourself against other students in your class who also took the test. One thing that the US History Test does is determine if you are an intelligent student. Having more than one year of high sc hool behind you will not hurt either.You will see that many of the students who scored well were high achievers in the classroom. They were the best of the best and that is what you should aspire to be. All students with AP US History test samples have two different tests, a short one that only tests certain portions of the essay, and a long one that include all the important content. Try to find an essay sample that uses both the short and long versions.In this section, you will write a complex essay using historical facts. Many students have no idea how to structure an essay. Some only know how to make the words flow but not how to organize the information. An AP US History essay sample will show you how to arrange the facts into a coherent essay that will help you pass the test.Remember that the most important part of the test is answering the questions correctly. Having a great understanding of the test material will help you do well.

The Problem of Evil accoding to Saint Augustine Essay

The Problem of Evil Saint Augustine was one of the first to really address the problem of evil in the Christian sense. After disbanding from the Manicheans due to his dissatisfaction with the way they viewed the problem, he reasoned a sound solution to the problem of evil that could put Christians minds at ease. Saint Augustine lived from 354-430. During the era in which he lived, his world was a crockpot of instability and suffering. The Roman Empire, a symbol of strength, was falling. He lost his mother, lover, and son during his lifetime. These circumstances certainly prompted Augustine to question evil. According to his Christian faith, God is all-good and created all things. Evil presented a problem because if God was all-good, it†¦show more content†¦One of his most important ideas was that of human free will. Since humans have free will, they can choose to do good or evil, right or wrong. They in themselves are causes of suffering. He thought humans needed more respon sibility for evil – not just Satan. After breaking from the Manichees, Augustine found his way to Neoplatonism, a philosophy developed by a follower of Plato. Neoplatonism emphasized the important difference between the physical world and the ideal, intangible world to explain the body and soul. The physical world is changeable, perishable, and not perfect. The ideal world, or Forms, are everlasting and perfect. The soul is part of this ideal world and is perfect, but is in an imperfect body which is stuck in the physical world. They did not believe that humans were players on a neutral battleground as the Manichees did, but orchestrated their own suffering. Neoplatonism even went so far as to say that the body was unimportant in human existence, that it was the soul that mattered, and this is where Augustine drew the line. He thought both were important in human existence, and that we bring evil on ourselves by choosing to do bad things. Augustine eventually came to the conc lusion that evil is not a thing in itself, but rather a lack of goodness. As Augustine states in City of God, â€Å"For when the will abandons what is above itself,

Literature Review Outline The Boy In The Striped Pajamas

Literature Review Outline: The Boy In The Striped Pajamas â€Å"The Boy In The Striped Pajamas† weaves a thread of intricate and compelling details through the description of each event that occurs within this book. For example, this novel features a descriptive scene where Bruno (protagonist) encounters a fence, which holds many Jews captive; this event takes you on a journey where you can experience the border that divides us, and how we may deal with that border - as Bruno faces. John Boyne has created a sophisticated novel in The Boy In The Striped Pajamas through his thematic analysis of the power, which explores society’s perception of authority and personalities and his concrete and symbolic representation, which starkly exposes†¦show more content†¦Boyne’s novel gives a voice to the victims, especially the millions of innocent children who perished at the hands of Nazi’s (a group of people with extreme racist views). As part of my literature review outline, I have decided to read the book, The Boy In The Striped Pajamas written by John Boyne, for two days. Moreover, I personally believe that this book was an excellent match for my personal interest of books that follow under the category of drama. This is not only because this book featured various melancholy scenes, including the many struggles that Bruno and his family encounter throughout the book, such as leaving their house in Berlin, in order to move to Auschwitz, but also because the tone of this novel strikes a sense of tragedy and horror – â€Å"...Despite the mayhem that followed, Bruno found that he was still holding Shmuels hand in his own and nothing in the world would have persuaded him to let go.† This is an example of the tragic tone of this book. For instance, the style of the text and the method in which key ideas are proposed is deeply affective through the use of vocabulary and imagery. Another genre of books w hich I appreciate reading is adventure because it gives me the sense of excitement which further intrigues me to read a book. The Boy In The Striped Pajamas is also a book of adventure as a result of incorporating events in which explorations take place, such as the time in which Bruno decides toShow MoreRelatedLiterature Review : The Boy s The Striped Pajamas1784 Words   |  8 PagesLiterature Review Outline: The Boy In The Striped Pajamas â€Å"The Boy In The Striped Pajamas† weaves a thread of intricate and compelling details through the description of each event that occurs within this book. For example, this novel features a descriptive scene where Bruno (the protagonist) encounters a fence, which holds many Jews captive; this event takes you on a journey where you can experience the border that divides us and how we may deal with that border - as Bruno faces. John Boyne

Roman Aristocracy free essay sample

What virtues and attainments defined the Roman aristocrat in the Republic? How, if at all, did this conception of the aristocrat change during the empire? Select one biography, by either Suetonius or Plutarch: discuss its subject’s successes and failures in realizing the appropriate aristocratic ideal. Include in your essay some consideration of the importance placed on this matter by the biography’s author (that is, is the matter of aristocratic excellence relevant to the biography, and, if so, in what ways? If not, why not? ) What virtues and attainments defined the Roman aristocrat in the Republic? How, if at all, did this conception of the aristocrat change during the empire? The aristocracy of Rome has changed with the transition from the Republic to the Empire. This can be seen through analyzing funeral epitaphs, such as the epitaph of the Scipionic family and the epitaph of Publius Plautius Pulcher. Virtues of the aristocracy in the Republic were mainly focused on virtus and gloria; they attained such precedence by maintaining the achievements of their ancestors and upholding their status as the nobilitas. We will write a custom essay sample on Roman Aristocracy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During the empire virtues and attainments of the nobility did not change completely, they merely altered to the new setting of imperialist Rome. Becoming a great man in Imperial Rome was somewhat harder, but still achievable as can be observed from the biography of Gnaeus Julius Agricola written by Tacitus. Suetonius’ life biography of the Deified Julius Caesar clearly shows the aristocratic ideal. Caesar’s success is extensively remarked upon showing that aristocracy excellence is relevant to the biography. The Roman aristocracy was an important part of Rome and analyzing their change is an appropriate way to understand the change from the Republic to the Empire. Roman aristocracy in the Republic was known under the term nobilitas, or nobility. It was a combination of leading Patrician and Plebeian families who had leading positions in the political powers of Rome. The aristocracy was simply a political aristocracy,1 those who held office in politics were those of great status in Rome. Nobilitas in the first century BC was limited to families that had consular lineage; it became a birthright. 2 New men, novi homines, were not easily accepted into the aristocracy,3 they did not come from well-known families who had already achieved great things; the aristocracy looked down on those without great ancestry lineage, they had no standing in politics. The introduction of new men created a possible balance but few advanced to significant positions of power. This lead to a small percentage of Rome’s population holding all the power; around twenty powerful families controlled Rome’s politics along with armies, provinces and the policy of Rome. 4 They had almost complete control of all politics in Rome. 5 There was a fierce competition for power and glory especially with few political positions available. It is important to understand that the aristocracy of the Republic did not achieve political and military success for wealth nor for superiority over the common people. Wealth was not an incentive for the aristocracy; it was not their nature to be greedy and to accumulate wealth in ways that would be looked down on. Wealth was of course a must for the aristocracy but it had to be gained by honest means. They did not deal in trade or business, and regarded those occupations with distaste. 6 The aristocracy either had to inherit a large sum of money or negotiate in profitable land investments. 7 Aristocracy received no privileges; they were technically equal before the law to the same standard of a common Roman man. Only the Patricians were awarded a few decorative privileges. 8 It was power and prestige that was paramount in the aristocrat’s life. 9 Power remained in the aristocracies’ hands due to the clientela relationship. All citizens had a patron, many of whom stemmed from a noble family; it was the patrons’ job to look after their clients in return for political support. 10 This clientela system was important, as the clients were the voters for who in the aristocratic class received certain political positions. A greater client base enhanced the nobles’ political success by increasing their number of votes. The clients were pleased with this arrangement as long as stability and freedom were secured. 11 The clientela system had similarities to the process of lobbying observed today in many modern democracies. If the nobility could uphold these benefits to the ordinary Romans, all would be well. This relationship enabled the Roman elite to control not only Rome, but also the rest of Italy and its allies giving the aristocrats more prestige and influence in the political scene. 12 In the Republic, aristocracy followed two main virtues, virtus and gloria and displays of these two virtues defined one as a great man, honoring ones ancestors and progeny. Virtus can be translated in many different ways depending on what it concerns. The most common translation is ‘manliness’ but it can also be associated with prayer, money or the quality of man. 13 In context to the Roman aristocrat it was in relation to the individuals glory and greatness one attained from serving the Roman state. 14 Virtus could also be gained by the good conduct of the aristocracy. 15 Their morals in the second BC had been tainted by debauchery but they still prided themselves on not fighting their wars with money, reward or trickery. 16 Aristocracy had to aspire to live in an honourable way and commit oneself to fides, good faith, to earn more virtus for ones family. 17 Gloria, the second most important virtue of Roman aristocracy, was acquired when one gained an excellent reputation through brave deeds. One had to have a good reputation and be a good man to achieve gloria and â€Å"†¦was awarded by the political class for political achievements†18 If both virtues were exhibited one attained honos, bestowing honor on your family. To achieve pride in your family you had to devote your life to military and public service. 19 The Scipionic epitaphs reflect both these virtues; Lucius Cornelius Scipio displayed his virtus through his courage in military success â€Å"†¦he captured Taurasia and Cisauna in Samnium†(ILS 1) plus he went on to achieve in politics â€Å"†¦he was aedile, consul, and censor among you†(ILS 1) Another Lucius Cornelius Scipio attained the virtues of virtus and gloria by his individual political and military attainments â€Å"†¦he was aedile, consul and censor†¦this man captured Corsica and the city of Aleria†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (ILS 23) he was also pious and dedicated a temple to the Goddess of Weather. This display of political and military success proved that the Scipio’s had achieved virtus and gloria and honored their family as the proper aristocrat should. It was not Roman custom to speak ill of the dead, but it is clear in some cases like Publius Cornelius Scipio that some aristocrats did not achieve greatness. Publius’s epitaph envisions what he could of achieved had he not been short lived â€Å" if you had been allowed to enjoy a longer life, you would of easily have surpassed the glory of your ancestors†(ILS 4) He is said to have died early, although his age was to be of 40; in Roman times that was old. His political and military success is excused by the position of Flamen Dialis (ILS 4) yet his epitaph still speaks of the glory he could of attained. It is clear that he did not honor his family or ancestors in politics or military success, as the other Scipios’ did. This clearly shows the importance of individual success, it was an aristocratic tradition to only record achievements made in servitude of the state20 and it becomes very apparent when little was achieved. The main defining attainment of the aristocrat was to honor their ancestors, family and progenies. By displaying virtus and gloria and gaining honor for ones family one managed to attain the greatest glory. This can be seen in the Scipio epitaph of Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Hispanus where he states that he tried to equal his fathers achievements and â€Å"†¦attained the distinction of my ancestors, so that they were glad I was born of their line †(ILS 6) Gnaeus achieved the attainment of honoring his ancestors through the means of politics and his â€Å"good character† although he did not achieve consulship. If an aristocrat failed in participating in public life and did not contribute to the families glory they failed the aristocratic ideal. 21 Gnaeus himself may not of attained consulship but he still took an active role in public life and was worthy of the aristocrat title. It was a disgrace of an aristocrat who did not try to attain some sort of virtus and gloria to honour their family. 22 Nobilitas men had to have an avid political and military contribution to be considered successful. They had to devote their life to the public and maintain mos maiorum. Consul was the highest position and most successful magistracy. If you achieved this position you had a successful life and had undoubtedly succeeded in honoring your ancestors. In Caecilius Metullus’ funeral oration it states that he obtained consul twice, a great achievement. It also states that he â€Å"†¦had achieved the ten greatest and noblest objects in pursuit of which wise men devote their lives†(Plin. HN 7. 39) Metullus was a great man and he had achieved his greatness in honourable and wise ways upholding his and his families status as part of the nobility. Metullus was a â€Å"†¦superlative warrior, the best orator, the bravest general†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he had fully participated in public life just to ensure that he would continue his families prosperity and bestow enough honour on his progeny so they may surpass his own glory. With the transition from the Republic to the Empire the aristocracy was seen to have some change in their virtues and attainments. The aristocracy retained the virtues of gloria and virtus but added in two more: obsequium and moderatio. 23 These were what the imperial aristocrat needed in order to become a great man instead of just a good man. Imperial Rome was both part republican and part autocratic24 so the aristocrat still had the duty to fulfill of servitude to the state. Emperor Augustus transformed the aristocracy;25 he had all authority but knew to share the running of the state with his inferiors. 26 Under the empire the need for competition was less, as one technically could not surpass the superiority of the autocrat. 27 The emperor was the greatest of Romans,28 it was a lifetime position and he held the power to elect magistracies. Without competition for political power the nobles had to form a new way to honour their ancestors. Thus the virtue obsequium29 came into practice, obsequium was the respectful attitude and compliance towards the powerful. Deference towards the Emperor and earning his favour gave you virtus and gloria. In exchange for ones loyalty to the emperor they were rewarded in both prestige and wealth. 30 By looking at the epitaph of Publius Plautius Pulcher we can see that he is not disgraced for not attaining the consulship nor is there any mention of military success. He still managed to achieve political success and receive the magistracy of praetor in 47BC (CIL 14. 3607) but the main focus is on his closeness to the Emperor â€Å"†¦friend of Drusus the son of Germanicus, uncle of Drusus the son of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (CIL 14. 3607) His ties to the Emperor Claudius are how he attains his ancestral glory. There is no excuse given to why he did not attain a consulship like the Scipionic epitaphs do. Military and political success, although still prominent, had a lesser meaning for the aristocracy of imperial Rome. Senatorial greatness was to a great extent reliant on the emperor. 31 Moderatio,32 the second virtue meant simply in moderation, everything was regulated and taken in moderation. In the Republic the aristocracy wanted everything and tried to be the best of the best. But in imperial Rome one could not be the best of the best as there was always an emperor who was greater. The aristocrat had to regulate what one could have and take it in moderation and be careful not to threaten the emperor. The biography of Gnaeus Julius Agricola illuminates these two virtues. Tacitus, the writer, depicts Agricola as a great man; something he would of attained through virtus and gloria plus the imperial virtues of obsequium and moderatio. Tacitus states that Agricola â€Å"†¦ retained what is most difficult to compass moderation. †(Tac. Ag. 4) Agricola was offered a proconsulship yet he refused instead to live in private; (Tac. Ag. 42) he took his political powers in moderation, and knew when to decline. Agricola also displayed obsequium in that he had an honorable career and respected the Emperor in power, even when it was Domitian who roundly hated Agricola. 33 The moral attitude of the aristocracy also underwent change during the empire due to Augustus’ influence. In the republic the aristocrats had become debauched and had forgotten their morals of being honest and boni as they became consumed with lust for money and power. 34 Augustus set about restoring the moral standards of Rome by restoring temples, religious practices, and even going as far as intruding on the private lives of Romans by regulating family values. 35 He wanted pristine values and virtues in Rome. This interference with moral standards would hopefully rid the aristocracy of their arrogance, cruelty and neglection of the gods36 that they had acquired during the republic. If these new moral standards were not adhered too, serious consequences would follow. The attainments of the aristocracy in Imperial Rome did not change significantly. It was still a great attainment if you achieved gloria and honos for your ancestors and progeny. But the emperor had impacted both the political and public identity of the aristocracy. 37 To accomplish military and political success was still an avid part of the aristocracy but their reasoning had changed. The competition was lost, and they now succeeded in gaining favour from the Emperor instead. Obsequium, the virtue, can be easily seen in this way. Like discussed previously, the funeral oration of Publius Plautius Pulcher readily shows how the aristocracy did not care for power as greatly as before. If you had achieved friendship with the Emperor but did not achieve consul it did not matter, your ancestors would still be pleased. In the Republic an aristocrat had to participate fully in public life or you were accused of failing the idealistic Roman aristocrat life. 38 But in the Empire you could merely befriend the Emperor and honor to your family was attained. In conclusion, to state that the aristocracy changed is simplistic; they adapted to a new environment through an evolutionary process and utilized new methodology to maintain status and power. There is a difference in the aristocrat of the Republic and the Empire but it is not a direct change, more an evolution. Instead of going against the new Empire the aristocrat instead moved with it. They evolved their virtues and attainments to suit the current situation. By keeping the basis of their virtues they retained their previous ancestral glory and honor but also allowed their progenies to attain such glory in the new setting of politics. The introduction of an Emperor reduced the fierce competition of power so the aristocracy created a new competition; a competition to befriend and earn the favour of the Emperor. Gloria and virtus were still key virtues, but everything was taken in moderation with regards to the emperor. Discuss Julius Caesar’s successes and failures in realizing the appropriate aristocratic ideal. Is importance placed on this matter by Suetonius, that is, is the matter of aristocratic excellence relevant to the biography, and, if so, in what ways? If not, why not? Suetonius discusses the successes and failures of the deified Julius Caesar in realizing the appropriate aristocratic ideal. Importance is placed on the matter of achieving the aristocratic ideal as Suetonius discusses the military and political attainments of Julius Caesar’s life extensively. Although whilst assessing Caesar’s aristocratic credentials he does allude to some potential failures. Aristocratic excellence is relevant to the biography as it is full of Caesar’s successes and little of his failures. The biography itself is called the ‘deified’, which relates to a godlike presence, which signifies that Caesar was worshipped after the end of his life. Julius Caesar’s biography by Suetonius is full of his success in both military achievements and politics fulfilling the aristocrat ideal. He gained both virtus and gloria and bestowed honos on his ancestors. Suetonius has put great effort into describing Caesar’s success and little on his failures making out that Caesar was a very great man. Caesar’s success as an aristocrat seem to arise from when he looked upon the statue of Alexandra the Great at the temple of Hercules in Gades. (Suet. Jul. 7) Suetonius portrays him as groaning at the thought of how little he has accomplished at an age where Alexandra had already conquered the world. (Suet. Jul. 7) On his return to Rome, Caesar was already determined to seize the greater opportunities available to him and become a great man. Caesar’s political history saw him attain military tribune, questor, aedile, pontifix maximus, praetor, consul and dictator. (Suet. Jul. 10,13,14,18) By achieving so highly in politics Caesar had accomplished the appropriate aristocratic ideals. Caesar was also an excellent general who cared for his ‘comrades’. Caesar was reputed for having no stains on his manliness (Suet. Jul. 49) and was of a handsome sort. (Suet. Jul. 45) He was a good man and Suetonius clearly thinks so as he praises Caesar and has little to fault him on. Caesar attains the Republican aristocrat ideal by pursuing a public life and devoting himself to serving the state. His prestigious career undoubtedly would of bestowed virtus, gloria and honour on his family. The people loved him, according to Suetonius they mobbed him and demanded he be returned to power when the senate had sent him away. (Suet. Jul. 16) This was the same attitude of the men that served under his command. It was said that â€Å"†¦he made his men utterly loyal to him and supremely brave as well† (Suet. Jul. 68) Suetonius also goes to mention that Caesar grew his beard and hair out and refused to cut them until he had his vengeance after the Titurian disaster. (Suet. Jul. 67) By participating in public life and gaining the peoples love he was able to succeed further in his political attainments, as the people wanted him to continue serving the state. Caesar was a reputable general who never seemed to lose a battle and was merciful to those he defeated. He conquered Gaul and the Britons and occupied Picenum, Umbria and Etruria in the civil war. (Suet. Jul. 25,34) These military achievements gave Caesar an excellent reputation which aristocrats strove for. He was lenient in his revenge; a great example that Suetonius mentions is to do with the pirates who had previously captured him. He ordered them to be crucified but had them strangled first to save them the pain of crucifixion. (Suet. Jul. 74) Even when his slave Philemon tried to poison him Caesar was considerate and gave him a quick death with no punishment. (Suet. Jul. 74) Caesar became ‘the father of the fatherland’ (Suet. Jul 85) and was given a godlike status after his death. He had attained the Republican aristocratic ideal via his display of virtus and gloria by being honest, just and committing oneself to fides. Nevertheless Caesar was a human being and did have his failings as an aristocrat although they did not cause great injury to his reputation. Suetonius states that Caesar had epileptic fits, (Suet. Jul. 45) which portrayed poor health. This was not an idealistic trait of an aristocrat, and would be perceived as a weakness although the truth behind this claim is speculative. Another weakness Caesar had was becoming completely engrossed with power. Suetonius mentions Caesar becoming arrogant and excessive in the amount of honour bestowed upon him. (Suet. Jul. 76) Caesar was given a godlike status and idealised himself as a god, even going as far to state that his aunts fathers family was related to the goddess Venus. (Suet. Jul. 6) He was supposedly caught saying in public â€Å"Men should now have more consideration in speaking with me and regard what I say as law†(Suet. Jul. 77) This was inclined to failing the aristocratic ideal as by assuming himself in control of all law was taking away the freedom of the people and disregarding the republic of Rome. An aristocrat obtained wealth either by inheritance or land investments yet Caesar went against this and obtained some through trickery. This was distasteful in regards to the moral of fides. Caesar is said to have stolen three thousand pounds of gold from the capitol replacing it with gilded bronzed coins. (Suet. Jul. 54) This failed the ideal of the aristocrat, as it was not an honorable way to gain wealth but a shameless act. Caesar was also accused of being a tyrant and a King. (Suet. Jul. 79) Caesar himself denied himself as King yet allowed himself to have special privileges, which went against the republic and angered the rest of the aristocracy. It was said that he was given a golden seat in the senate, temples, altars and statues placed next to Gods and of course a month of the year named after him. (Suet. Jul. 76) Suetonius refers to one moment, which thoroughly angered the senate, where Caesar did not rise from his seat to thank the senate for bestowing the highest decrees to him. (Suet. Jul 78) This lead to immense jealousy throughout the senate, Caesar was seen as a threat to the Republic and the senatorial auctoritas. Suetonius details some ways that Caesar secured alliances that gave him a homosexual reputation. Homosexuality was debauchery and impure to the moral standards of aristocrats. 39 It was said that he sold himself to King Nicomedes in order to gain a Bithynia fleet thus earning the degrading title of Queen of Bithynia. (Suet. Jul. 49) His soldiers chanted â€Å"Caesar had his way with Gaul; Nicomedes had his way with Caesar: Behold now Caesar, conqueror of Gaul, in triumph, Not so, Nicomedes, conqueror of Caesar†(Suet. Jul. 49) and this escapade follows him throughout his career and was later used against him by his enemies. (Suet. Jul. 49) Other facts Suetonius touched on concerned his infidelity towards his wives, (Suet. Jul. 50) he was renowned for being an adulterer although he does not place importance on this fact and merely regards it as a small problem concerning Caesars aristocratic status. Caesar’s cunning and dirty ways he accomplished such things were occasionally overlooked. He was still perceived as attaining virtus and gloria even amongst his few failures as an aristocrat. Aristocratic excellence is relevant to the biography of the Deified Julius Caesar as it concerns his excellence. Suetonius covers mostly Caesar’s success in the military and political scene of Republic Rome and how he rose to become one of the great Caesars of Rome. Suetonius treats the weaknesses of Caesar as historical facts. He states that Caesar had a weakness in moral character with infidelity and a reputation of an alleged homosexual. Yet they do not demoralize his aristocratic excellence. Caesar’s excellence is also largely relevant due to the fact that he was the instigator of the decline of the Republic. His successes in Rome lead to jealousy amongst the senate, which enthralled them to conspire together and plan Caesar’s death. (Suet. Jul. 80) Although it was not the custom of the Republican aristocracy to take things in moderation, it is obvious to see that Caesar took too much and paid for this mistake with death. To conclude, the aristocracy of Rome evolved with the transition of the Republic to the Empire. The republican virtues of virtus and gloria were incorporated into the empire along with obsequium and moderatio thus creating new motives for the aristocracy. In the republic it was a battle over who was greatest but in the empire it focused on the emperor. Suetonius’ life on Caesar enhances his success as an aristocrat, confirming his achievement of being the greatest. It is clear to see that Caesar did achieve the republican aristocratic ideal, definitely in securing honos for his ancestors and progeny. The morals of aristocracy were on a downward spiral tainted by trickery but the intervention of Augustus and the Roman Empire rectified them by making everyone a winner. Being a great man was a continuous self-centered battle in Republican Rome but in Imperialistic Rome there was a lesser need to compete, as the greatest would always be the emperor. One attainment of the aristocrat that stayed true through both Republic and Imperial Rome was that family honour was a fundamental principal of any aristocrat and the main instigator for any success. No aristocrat wanted to disgrace their family. Bibliography: Primary Sources – Excerpts from the Scipionic Epitaphs (ILS 1-4, 6-7) Epitaph for Publius Plautius Pulcher (CIL 14. 3607) Funeral oration for Lucius Caecilius Metellus (Plin H. N 7. 139) Suetonius. â€Å"The Deified Julius Caesar†. Lives of the Caesars. Trans. C. Edwards (United States, 2000) 3-42 Tacitus, Agricola Secondary Sources – Earl, D. The Moral and Political Tradition of Rome (Ithaca 1967), 11-43 Tatum, W,J. Always I am Caesar (Oxford 2008), 167-88 Wallace-Hadrill, A. ‘ Civilis Princeps: Between Citizen and King’, JRS 72 (1982), 32-48